If we want to maintain the axle in good condition, we need to carry out the following regular inspections and maintenance on the components of the axle system and keep each component in normal operation, so that the axle can play its due effect.

By carrying out a simple ‘knock test’, you can get a good indication of a correctly functioning brake caliper. By pushing and pulling the brake caliper in an axial direction by hand, it should be possible to establish a movement within the running clearance.

A knocking sound should be present as the caliper comes into contact with the brake pads and discs, indicating that there is play in the system, that the caliper is not seized, and a good amount of running clearance is available.

Visually inspect the discs and pads to ensure that they are in good condition and that wear is even. Check the operators’ manual to confirm the maximum amount of wear on the discs and pads.

Brake calipers are of a sealed design, so it’s important that the sealing elements are checked at regular intervals. Ensure guide pin sealing bellows/caps, adjuster caps/cover and the main tappet bellows are all present and undamaged.

Trailer axle systems use a one-piece fabricated suspension, so it’s important to check that the 3D pivot bush is in good condition and not showing signs of wear, fatigue, fracture, or damage. Also, check the wear plates protecting the hanger bracket on either side of the bushing; if they are worn or missing, this can indicate that a worn 3D pivot bush must be replaced, along with new wear plates and bolts.

Shock absorbers help keep trailers stable and prevent ‘lock-up’ during braking, and as such, are vital to the safe operation of the vehicle. Time should be spent looking closely at each shock absorber to make sure there is no leakage or signs of damage or aging. You should then check that they are in the correct position and make sure they are properly secured.

Air bellows need to be checked in a manner similar to inspecting a tire, as perishing of the rubber is the most common problem. You should look for tears or other damage, such as wear and exposed reinforcing cords, bulging, or disfigurement.

If there is any indication that a bellows is past its best, it should be swapped out for a new one. The rate of wear of air bellows is difficult to estimate, as it depends on the duties of the vehicle, the weight of the load it is carrying, and the quality of the road surfaces.

The hub assembly and bearing are important hardworking parts of the axle systems, so jacking up the axle on both sides and checking them thoroughly is important.

You should spin each wheel in turn; it should turn freely without any play or wobble. Furthermore, it should turn with no noise; constant or intermittent is indicative of friction, which is almost guaranteed to do damage over even a short journey.

Trailer axle systems are designed around a compact bearing, which is pre-loaded to a set level and can be tested by checking to see that there is no play in the system.

After carrying out the above tasks, you should have a final visual inspection to ensure that all the protective caps, covers, and pins are in place, the screws and bolts are done up, and everything is fit for purpose.

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